Introduction
Male infertility is a complex medical condition affecting millions of couples worldwide. It accounts for nearly half of all infertility cases, yet remains under-recognized and under-treated. Andrology provides the scientific framework necessary to understand the biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to impaired male fertility.
Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility may result from hormonal disorders, genetic abnormalities, varicocele, infections, testicular trauma, obstruction of the reproductive tract, or systemic diseases. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, poor sleep, and exposure to environmental toxins also play a significant role in reducing sperm quality and quantity.
Andrological Diagnostic Approach
The evaluation begins with a detailed medical and reproductive history, erotic sense, followed by physical examination and semen analysis. Advanced diagnostic tools include hormonal profiling, genetic testing, scrotal ultrasonography, sperm DNA fragmentation testing, and testicular biopsy when necessary.
Treatment and Management
Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and may include medical therapy, surgical correction, lifestyle modification, antioxidant supplementation, or assisted reproductive technologies. Andrology prioritizes individualized care and evidence-based treatment protocols.
Conclusion
Male infertility is often reversible or manageable with proper andrological intervention. Early diagnosis significantly improves reproductive success and psychological well-being.